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ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

SUPRARENAL (ADRENAL) GLANDS Introduction • The suprarenal glands are an important pair of endocrine glands situated on the upper poles of the kidneys and enclosed in the same fascial sheath as that of kidneys (renal fascia). • Each gland consists of two parts: • (a) a relatively thick outer cortex which develops from the mesoderm (mesodermal lining of the peritoneal cavity) and • (b) a central medulla which develops from the neural crest and is equivalent to a gro...

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Organization of Respiratory system • The respiratory system- Is a system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gaseous exchange. Components • Nose, nasal cavity and the paranasal air sinuses • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli(gaseous exchange) • Lungs Importance of Respiratory System 1. Delivers oxygen into the cells for them to live and function properly (breathing in) 2. Helps us get ri...

MALE /FEMALE GENITAL • The internal genital organs : • 1. Testes and epididymis. • 2. Prostate. • 3. Bulbourethral glands. • 4. Seminal vesicles. • 5. Ejaculatory ducts and penis. • 6. Vasa deferentia (deferent ducts). SHAPE AND LOCATION • The prostate is a pyramidal-shaped, fibromuscular glandular organ which surrounds the prostatic urethra. • The prostate gland secretes acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin, citric acid, amylase, prostate-specific antig...

MALE/FEMALE EXTERNAL STRUCTURES ANATOMY Male :Penis Location and Description • The penis has a fixed root and a body that hangs • The root of the penis is made up of three masses of erectile tissue called the bulb of the penis and the right and left crura of the penis CONT… • The bulb is situated in the midline and is attached to the undersurface of the urogenital diaphragm. • It is traversed by the urethra and is covered on its outer surface by the bulbos...

RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Outline 1. Introduction i) Organization of Respiratory systemii) Organization of cardiovascular system 2. Thorax-region i) Definition ii) location/extent iii) Importance of the thorax in RS/CVS v) Thoracic wall-Boundaries, Layers of the chest wall -Blood supply, Innervation and lymphatic drainage. vi) Thoracic cavity-Boundaries -Mediastinum -Organization of the structures Organization of Respiratory system • The respiratory system-...

THE ACCESSORY ORGANS THE LIVER  Largest in abdominal cavity and the largest gland in the human body. In right hypochondrium and epigastric areas, and extends to left hypochondrium Liver Surfaces Diaphragmatic surface Its posterior is not covered by visceral peritoneum This is the ‘bare area’ of the liver. Visceral surface Covered with peritoneum(except fossa of the gallbladder and porta hepatis. The liver in the right hypochondria It lies in conta...

ENDOCRINE ANATOMY INTRODUCTION • Is a series of ductless or endocrine glands that secrete messenger molecules called hormones directly into the blood circulation and are carried to body cells. • ■ Controls and integrates the functions of other organ systems and plays a very important role in reproduction, growth, and metabolism, which are slower processes than the rapid processes of the nervous system. CONT... ■ Comprises pure endocrine organs such as the pituitary, pin...

Embryology and Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract Embryology of the GI Tract: (Slides 9-12) Germ layers, formed during gastrulation, are present by two weeks and include endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. In humans, the germ tissues are the basis of all tissues and organs. • Endoderm - Epithelial lining and glands • Mesoderm - Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa • Ectoderm - Enteric nervous system and posterior ...