Biology 1404 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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Biology 1404 Final Exam Review Questions and Answers 2023
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What features are common to all living organisms? - -enclosed by a membrane 
presence of cytoplasm 
presence of DNA 
presence of ribosomes 
 
-How do electrons behave when they absorb or lose energy? - -Electrons move to higher or lower shells by absorbing (higher) or releasing (lower) energy 
 
-What is a nonpolar covalent bond? - -The atoms share the electrons equally 
 
-What is a polar covalent bond? - -One atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally (crea...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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Define Evolution - -the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient ones 
 
-What is a theory - -a well tested explanation of a natural phenomena 
 
-How are theories developed? - -theories are developed by frequent testings of hypotheses 
 
-Who established the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection? - -Charles Darwin 
 
-What was the name of the book he published? - -The Origin of Species 
 
-What island is famous for its relationship to the theory? - -the Galapagos Islands...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 4-7 Review[211581]2023
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acetyl CoA - -Is formed when pyruvate first enters into the mitochondria via active transport. 
 
-aerobic respiration - -Respiration that requires oxygen 
 
-anaerobic - -Process that does not require oxygen 
 
-anaerobic cellular respiration - -the process by which cells obtain energy from an energy source without using oxygen 
 
-ATP synthase - -Large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP 
 
-chemiosmosis - -the use of energy in a H+ g...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 4-7 Review [211581]2023
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If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have? - -54 
 
-Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called - -isotopes 
 
-Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration - -shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron 
 
-Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond - -hydrogen bond 
 
-Which of the following statements is not true - -Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review (Distinction Level)Questions and Answers 2023
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Gene expression - -The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis and has two stages 
 - transcription 
 - translation 
 
-Transcription - -the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA 
- produces messenger RNA (mRNA) 
 
-Translation - -the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA 
 
-Ribsosomes - -the sites of translation 
 
-Translation in prokaryotes - -translation of mRNA can begin before transcription has finished (coupled) 
 
-Transcription in eukaryotes - -transcripti...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023(211581)
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what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. 
 
-in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U 
 
-in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big 
 
-the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17, 21 Review 2023
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what's the central dogma of genes&proteins? what's an exception to this rule? - -DNA (transcription) - RNA (translation) - protein. reverse transcription. 
 
-in ___, the ___ sequence turned to ___ sequence *(_-_) - -transcription - DNA - RNA - T-U 
 
-in ___, the "___ ___" stru happens where the ___ is ___ start of ___. it runs in ___ ___, small __ ___. - -translation - Christmas tree - tip - RNA's - transcription - one direction - to big 
 
-the ___ starts ___. it is a ___ ___ & is __ bp ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17, 21 Review Questions and Answers 2023
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Which of the following can regulate protein expression in a cell? 
A. mRNA degredation 
B. Protein degredation 
C. RNA processing - -All of the above 
 
-Alternative RNA splicing allows for: - -Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript 
 
-An operon may consist of which of the following: 
A. Promoter 
B. Genes 
C. Regulatory gene - -A & B: A promotor and genes 
 
-What is a protein produced by a regulatory gene? - -A repressor 
 
-For a repressible operon to be trans...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review 2023
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The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this? - -degeneracy 
 
-How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? - -36 
 
-Which event contradicts the central dogma of molecular biology? - -Scientists use reverse transcriptase enzymes to make DNA from RNA. 
 
-Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers specificity to transcription? - -σ 
 
-The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters are called consensus sequences because ________. ...
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Biology 1404 Exam Chapter 15-17,21 Review
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main goal of this chapter - --Explain the "central dogma" of DNA-protein synthesis 
-Describe the genetic code and how the nucleotide sequence prescribes the amino acid and the protein sequence 
 
-The cellular process of _____ generates messenger RNA (mRNA) - -transcription 
 
-messenger RNA (mRNA) - -A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein. 
-a mobile molecular copy of one or more genes with an alphabet o...
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